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Yves Klein
Yves Klein (; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist considered an important figure in post-war European art. He is the leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany. Klein was a pioneer in the development of performance art, and is seen as an inspiration to, and as a forerunner of, Minimal art, as well as Pop art.
==Biography==
Klein was born in Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. His parents, Fred Klein and Marie Raymond, were both painters. His father painted in a loose Post-Impressionist style, while his mother was a leading figure in Art informel, and held regular soirées with other leading practitioners of this Parisian abstract movement.
From 1942 to 1946, Klein studied at the École Nationale de la Marine Marchande and the École Nationale des Langues Orientales and began practicing judo. At this time, he became friends with Arman (Armand Fernandez) and Claude Pascal and started to paint. At the age of nineteen, Klein and his friends lay on a beach in the south of France, and divided the world between themselves; Arman chose the earth, Pascal, words, while Klein chose the ethereal space surrounding the planet, which he then proceeded to sign:
With this famous symbolic gesture of signing the sky, Klein had foreseen, as in a reverie, the thrust of his art from that time onwards—a quest to reach the far side of the infinite.〔, ''Yves Klein, 1928–1962: Internacional Klein Blue'', translated by Carmen Sánchez Rodríguez (Cologne, Lisbon, Paris: Taschen, 2001), 8. ISBN 3-8228-5842-0.〕
Between 1947 and 1948,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.yveskleinarchives.org/documents/bio_us.html )〕 Klein conceived his ''Monotone Symphony'' (1949, formally ''Monotone Silence Symphony'') that consisted of a single 20-minute sustained chord followed by a 20-minute silence〔Gilbert Perlein & Bruno Corà (eds) & al., ''Yves Klein: Long Live the Immaterial!'' ("An anthological retrospective", catalog of an exhibition held in 2000), New York: Delano Greenidge, 2000, ISBN 978-0-929445-08-3, p. (226 ): "This symphony, 40 minutes in length (in fact 20 minutes followed by 20 minutes of silence) is constituted of a single 'sound' stretched out, deprived of its attack and end which creates a sensation of vertigo, whirling the sensibility outside time."〕〔See also at YvesKleinArchives.org (a 1998 sound excerpt of ''Monotone Silence Symphony'' ) (Flash plugin required), and Klein's ("Chelsea Hotel Manifesto" ) (including a summary of the 2-part ''Symphony'').〕 – a precedent to both La Monte Young's drone music and John Cage's ''4′33″''. During the years 1948 to 1952, he traveled to Italy, Great Britain, Spain, and Japan. In Japan, at the age of 25, he became a master at judo receiving the rank of ''yodan'' (4th ''dan''/degree black-belt) from the Kodokan, which at that time was a remarkable achievement for a westerner. He also stayed in Japan in 1953. Klein later wrote a book on Judo called ''Les Fondements du judo''.〔Yves Klein (1954) ''Les Fondements du judo'', Grasset, Paris 〕 In 1954, Klein settled permanently in Paris and began in earnest to establish himself in the art world.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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